Стаття присвячена 170-й річниці видатного українського вченого – славетного фізика, геніального винахідника, перекладача Біблії українською мовою – Івана Павловича Пулюя. Описано його дитячі роки у Гримайлові Тернопільської області, опанування основами наук та багатогранні сходини знаменної наукової діяльності в університетах Відня, Страсбурга і Праги. Доведено пріоритет ученого у відкритті рентгенівських променів за 14 років до К. Рентгена. Розглянуто історію перекладу ним Біблії у товаристві з П. Кулішем та І. Не-чуєм-Левицьким і його подвижництво в активній громадській діяльності.
The article provides principal stages of I. P. Pulyui’s life – prominent physicist, genius inven-tor, translator of the Bible in the Ukrainian language.
His youthful years in Ternopil region, student learning in the Universities of Vienna, Stras-bourg and Prague, grate scientific achievements in physics and electrical engineering, invention of so cold Pulyui"s lamp, which generated X-rays for 14 years earlier of W. C. Rцntgen, have been illustrated.
Ivan Pulyui was resplendently talent skilled person, he knew 15 languages, was an excellent teacher of the European high schools. In 1877, he defended his thesis “The Dependence of the In-ternal Friction of Gases on Te&mperature” and received the degree of doctor of natural philosophy of Strasbourg University in the field of physics. I. Pulyui was a Professor of experimental and technical physics in German higher technical school in Prague (now Czech Technical Univ&er-sity), in which he headed the Physics Department, and later became the rector of this school. He first discovered the role of sorption of gases in the discharge and that the cathode rays are a beam of electrons. In 1878, he created a device for de&termining the mechanical equivalent of heat, awarded a medal in Paris. A variety of physical devices of I. Pulyui exhibited in science museums and exhibitions of Vienna, Paris, Leipzig and Prague. Proposed I. Pulyui"s design of telephone exchanges an&d subscriber devices (with application of a distribution transformer) has patented several industrialized European countries.
For 14 years prior to the opening of K. Roentgen, Ivan Pulyui invented so called Pulyui"s lamp, which generate radiation.
&Ivan Pulyui together with the Ukrainian writer Panteleimon Kulish translated into Ukrainian language the New Testament. After the death of P. Kulish he continued to work on the Bible, in-viting the assistance of the writer Ivan Nechui-Levytskyi, who &translated the fourth part of the Old Testament. A complete translation of the Old and New Testament of P. Kulish, I. Pulyui and I. Nechui-Levytskyi was first published in 1903, following edition – 1906, 1909, 1912 – in Vienna, 1920 – in Berlin, 1944& and 1947 – in New York and London. In Ukraine, it was first published in 2000.
I. Pulyui was not only grate scientist, but he was prominent Ukraine patriot, which always and everywhere defended his natal peoples. He wrote that “the enslaved peoples& of Russia should be free and sorgente in an independent state. But the most important for achieving this lofty goal, for higher peace in Europe can only be an independent Ukraine. In our opinion, the independence of Ukraine is the key to a peaceful &home in Europe” (1915).
Статья посвящена 170-летию выдающегося украинского ученого, знаменитого физика, гениального изобретателя, переводчика на украинский язык Библии – Ивана Павловича Пулюя. Изложены вехи его жизненного пути, начиная с детских лет& в Гримайлове Терно-польской области, овладения им основами наук и многогранные ступени его выдающейся научной деятельности в университетах Вены, Страсбурга и Праги. Доказан его безуслов-ный приоритет в открытии им рентгеновских лучей за 14 лет до К.& Рентгена. Изложена ис-тория перевода им Библии в соавторстве с П. Кулишом и И. Нечуем-Левицким, а также его подвижничество в активной общественной деятельности.
